We too were unaware of this piece of Louisiana . Red Arrow Stories. Im greeted by Richard Moran, a 53-year-old retired Army officer and curator of the museum. Welcome to Louisiana's only inhabited barrier island! This website is operated by a private entity with no connection to the City of Alexandria, Rapides Parish or other governmental entity, Camp Livingston entry gate during World War II. During the Louisiana Maneuvers, Army strategists began by teaming division against division. Camp Livingston was a training army camp, during WWll. In April 1941, twenty four African American nurses were assigned to Camp Livingston, Louisiana and another twenty four to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, The Army had recently established segregated African American hospital wards on these two bases to treat ill and injured African American soldiers. As a result, Camp Livingston, along with Camp Gordon, Georgia was re-converted to an Infantry Advanced Replacement Training Center in order to give either nine or eleven weeks of additional training to men under the age of nineteen who were graduates of the interim fifteen-week or restored seventeen-week training programs at the standard infantry replacement training centers. The camps littered all over this country are designed for something enormous, simply due to the amount of people they are designed to house. There are approximately 900 buildings on the camp grounds, and 7,850 tents. Putting together a display takes time, Moran said. We walked a little farther and more concrete appeared among the trees: a whole slab, the base of a long-gone structure, the face of it painted white or gray, now weathered and peeling away. MONARCH SIZE. The US Forest Service manages the property where the camp was previously located, and some of the original concrete streets can be accessed as some are used on a daily basis for traffic passing through the camp. This property was acquired directly from the Girl Scouts who had operated it as the Blueberry Hill Girl Scout Camp for the past seventy years. In 1942, the United States' first Japanese POW Kazuo Sakamaki arrived at Camp Livingston. In 1964, under the pen name Suikei Furuya, he published his memoir, Haisho Tenten (An Internment Odyssey), which wasnt available in English until 2017. PZ430422 $10.00: Add to Cart Prisoner of War Italy P.O.W. Camp Livingston provided thirteen religious chapels, service clubs, libraries, four War Department theaters, and a large all-purpose sports arena with roller skating, dancing, boxing, basketball courts and other team sports. Occasionally, opposing forces would engage in a battle and children would fill their pockets with spent blank rifle cartridges. Jason Christians essays and journalism have appeared in the Baton Rouge Advocate, Bright Wall/Dark Room, Country Roads Magazine, Gulf Coast, The New Republic, Scalawag, and elsewhere. (Media provided by Ralph's son, Robert Jewell). Built in 1940, Camp Livingston was a bustling United States Army base named in honor of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, the negotiator of the Louisiana Purchase. Troop B of the 106th Cavalry (Chicago National Guard) marching at Camp Livingston in 1941. The day after Roosevelt issued EO 9066, Furuya boarded the USS Grant steamer bound for the mainland. Many of the Japanese were taken from Peru, but 10 Panamanian Japanese were held at Livingston, according to Furuya, mostly men in their 20s, with whom he shared a barrack. Interactive Present-Day Map of the Camp Livingston Area (via Google), U.S. Forest Service Camp Livingston Multiple-Use Trails. $45,000. The religious leaders prayed for the man who had died of illness, while the voices of dozens of Buddhist priests reciting sutras blended in harmonic rhythm with the sound of the wind blowing through the pine forest, a strange atmosphere of both solemnity and splendor.. Alexandria, Louisiana. Nobody does, not even Moran, and he grew up only a few miles away. They are very well drawn chalk portraits of what appears to be German soldiers - from the appearance of the uniforms portrayed. 8.34 acres lot - Lot / Land for sale. His name was Carl Stenberg and he would be a part of the 32nd "Red Arrow" division in WWII, eventually making his way across the Owen . Hed need to acquire mannequins, wardrobes, and artifacts, and the pandemic has slowed things down. It is now occupied by the Rapides Council on Aging(see below). He had supported the exclusion of Japanese immigrants and the laws that kept them from becoming citizens or owning property, Robinson told me. To speed military vehicles around the area, a new four lane loop named MacArthur Drive was constructed through what was farms and pastures on the western outskirts of Alexandria. He later wrote in his memoir, An Internment Odyssey, that they looked motionless and beautiful, a promise of cooler weather, an end to days wasted lying in cool pits dug beneath barrack floors. Convenient to Baton Rouge & New Orleans. . Approximately 500,000 troops were trained during the period of 1940 to 1945. He was among dozens of other civilians and a single prisoner of war, Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki, who was captured in Hawaii, after the coordinated attack, when his midget submarine smashed against coral reefs and sank. It was founded in 1920 in Indian Hill and moved to Switzerland County in 1969.. The Google map below includes the approximate locations of the camp areas, streets, major buildings and features superimposed on a present day aerial view of the former camp. Elderly camp survivors stood toe-to-toe with military police, vowing to go to jail if necessary. The hearings amounted to an exercise in cruelty. With the help of oral histories, letters, government documents, and more, Johnson and Simms corroborated Furuyas recollections. A healthy tree was struck by lightning and fell on the cabin,. Camp Livingston offers a vibrant and welcoming summer experience for Jewish children and young adults. Download Image of Construction workers from Camp Livingston eating and hanging around new cafe by entrance of camp. I asked Kurahara why she thought the feds went after the leaders of the community, rather than ordinary people. An "Infantry Advanced Replacement Training Center" that provided six weeks of infantry training to men from inactivated antiaircraft and tank destroyer units was active at Camp Livingston from 13 November 1944 until 24 March 1945, when it was converted into a standard infantry replacement training center that gave fifteen weeks of basic infantry training to newly inducted men. He lives in New Orleans with his wife. They were strict "Army design & regulation" built from approved blueprints, non-denominational in that with minimal adjustment they could be used by Catholics, Jews or Protestants. First known as Camp Tioga, it was renamed Camp Livingston in honor of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, negotiator of the Louisiana Purchase. Construction at Camp Livingston began September 15, 1940, when approximately 9,000 workmen started clearing the land and erecting barracks and other buildings. The first three volumes only pertained to the military base not that useful and when they opened Volume 4s box, it was gone. The refugees fled Germany to avoid its death camps, only to be swept up, along with pro-Nazi Germans, and placed in camps in the United States. At its peak, it held 1,123 internees of Japanese ancestry sent from the Department of Justice-run Fort Missoula internment camp and from the U.S. Army-run Fort Silland Camp Forrestinternment camps. Nobody knew when or if this war would end. [1] [2] History [ edit] Camp Livingston was open from 1940 to 1945, and was first known as Camp Tioga. The Kisatchie National Forest has a dense road pattern which does accommodate short drags. Once you pull on those threads, they are everywhere, and they are all incredible, Simms said. They called the network Tsuru for Solidarity. Concentration Camps!, Next, they staged a protest at Fort Sill, where the Trump administration intended to send 1,400 immigrant and refugee children to be detained. Camp Livingston (1940-1945) - A World War II training Camp first established as Camp Tioga in 1940 near Alexandria, Rapides Parish, Louisiana. We cannot solve a problem we do not understand.. Kurahara was 10 when Pearl Harbor was attacked. Robert was the brother of U.S. They requested the boxes on either side of the missing file, and sure enough, there it was: a blue file labeled alien internment camp, the number 4 scrawled in the corner in red ink, misfiled for who knows how long. Nurse Raney was chosen to lead the Fort Bragg . They dominated commercial fishing, and ran markets and stores. Camp Livingston Progress as Reported by the Chicago Tribune. It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area. As we were talking, this car pulled up, and this great big policeman came out with a great big rifle and he came straight for us, she said. Construction workers from Camp Livingston eating and hanging around new cafe by entrance of camp. The camp was situated generally northeast of Alexandria, off U.S. Highway 165, and close to Camp Beauregard and Esler Field. Free Mail 1943 New York, N.Y. Morgan Annex, Camp Wheeler Internment Camp, Georgia 1941-1946 to Catania, Italy . A former Girl Scout Camp situated on fifty acres in the heart of the Catskill Mountains in Livingston Manor, New York. In the United States at the end of World War II, there were prisoner-of-war camps, including 175 Branch Camps serving 511 Area Camps containing over 425,000 prisoners of war (mostly German).The camps were located all over the US, but were mostly in the South, due to the higher expense of heating the barracks in colder areas. It was October 1942, and unaccustomed to the climate and family separation, the prisoner was in search of ways to temper the pain. In 2016, Hayley Johnson, a librarian at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana, watched a video of Muslim-American children reading letters to elderly Japanese American camp survivors, letters written by interned Nisei children during the war. This is, what may have been an ice house at Camp Livingston, near Pineville, La. Camp Livingston - Jewish Overnight Camp | JCC Summer Camp | Jewish Camp Serving Cincinnati, Columbus, Louisville, Indianapolis, Dayton WELCOME. In Louisiana, Livingston Parish is ranked 15th of 64 parishes in Campgrounds per capita, and 1st of 64 parishes in Campgrounds per square mile.. Compare with the original street grid above. Many stopped going to Buddhist temples. Kurahara pondered a better response, then continued: When John Lewis passed away the civil rights hero and Georgia congressman had died six days earlier, on July 17 this is a quote I picked up that author Michelle Alexander put out, and I thought, maybe this is it: We must face our racial history and our racial present. Built in 1940 in a clearing of pines, one of a cluster of Army posts in the area, Camp Livingston was installed 12 miles northeast of Alexandria, Louisiana, for the purpose of training entire divisions. I imagined Furuya, the same age as Moran, lugging his suitcase from the train to his barrack beneath a punishing sun, wondering how in the world hed ended up in this far-flung forest through no fault of his own. December 1940. Sakamaki was the only surviving crewman of a mini-submarine used in the attack on Pearl Harbor; he was captured by Corporal David Akui after abandoning his sub, which had run aground. The Camp Livingston area today is administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Kisatchie National Forest and offers biking, hiking, ATV trails and other recreational opportunities. Kid-Possible Summer Camps 1 Day Camps Summer Camps "This was such an awesome summer camp! In the summer of 2019, Johnson and Simms traveled to Honolulu where they met with descendants of the camps and pored over more documents at a university archive and at the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaii or JCCH. During world war ii, camp livingston served as an infantry replacement training center, as well as a garrison for infantry divisions. See more ideas about picture postcards, louisiana, camping. That was the first time we saw photographic proof of these men in camp, Johnson said. The people who came to our presentation were all affected by this, Simms said. They were asked to give a talk at the JCCH. shut it down. After a new battery, I was good to go. $104,250. Civilian Clerical Workers, Camp Livingston, Louisiana. I have walked some of the paved streets and found 1940's and 1930's Wheat penneys on the roadway .It was BIG when the Gov. My assignment at Camp Walters terminated three months later when I was assigned to the 91 st Medical Gas Treatment Battalion at Camp Livingston in Louisiana. I want to show the duality, he said. She shared her findings with her colleague and friend, Sarah Simms, and together they scoured the internet and dug up a name: the Koharas, a Japanese American family that ran a photography studio in Alexandria during the war and helped visitors en route to see relatives in the camp. As the women guided me past rows of office cubicles, I noticed a shelf full of unopened bottles of hand sanitizer and wondered if an employee had hoarded them. Hawaii was the first time we had an audience come up to us afterward and thank us, validating that yeah, youre not Japanese, but it doesnt matter. Most of these men remained in confinement throughout the war, despite a lack of evidence to prove they posed a threat to homefront security. Another plus for the area was the availability of an additional 3,400 square miles of similar territory towards East Texas for war maneuvers. Richard Moran, a 53-year-old retired Army officer and curator of the Louisiana Maneuvers and Military History Museum at Camp Beauregard. On October 14, 1940, a young man, 21 years of age and by occupation a machinest [sic], eyes blue, hair brown, six feet one-half inches in height, enlisted in the Army National Guard. She ventured out with her father to speak with the neighbors, who showed them shrapnel that had fallen on their porch and crashed through their walls. It was established as an infantry training facility, and construction began on September 16, 1940, requiring the use of 18,000construction workers. All because that was how he needed to defend white racial purity against intermarriage. FDR held a rather common white view of what it meant to be an American, Robinson said. Photo courtesy of Nancy Ukai. Moran hopes the display will be ready for the public sometime later this year. The camp's newspaper was the "Camp Livingston Communique". Tsuru for Solidarity is an informal coalition of camp survivors and their descendants who have staged protests against the locking up of asylum seekers, especially children, without due process of law. His favorite game was Go, which he played with rocks and scraps of cardboard. Transfer; United States. Through generous donations, the Bird Sanctuary has been planted with many plant species, which attract birds. Couple short clips from Camp Livingston, Ice House, swimming pool, etc. After the attacks on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, a portion of Livingston was converted to an internment camp. FEATURESVIDEOSPERSPECTIVESFOLKLORESPONSORED STORIES, GENERAL STOREPODCASTFOODWAYSCOCKTAILSPHOTO ESSAYS, CUSTOMER SERVICEPRIVACY POLICYSUBMISSIONSMEMBERSHIPS. Camp Livingston, active during 1940-1945, occupied about 47,000 acres east of Alexandria and was a key element in the . Soldiers quartered in the camps of this area at the time that this was written numbered approximately 112,000, with about 26,000 more on the way there. 1:45 The Louisiana National Guard, alongside Lt. In 1948, Our Lady of Prompt Succor Catholic Church in Alexandria purchased its "Parish Hall" from the War Assets Administration, remodeled the structure, and made it serviceable for parish meetings and functions for many years. The commander of the camp allowed internees to largely govern themselves. Each chapel had a long nave that positioned the churchgoers far from the sanctuary. Life felt more like a tragedy of the commons with each passing hour. You can find two moderate loop trails: the Little Creek Loop (22.6 miles) and the Hickman Trail (12.5 miles). Information was scarce, but she learned people had it wrong: a camp in central Louisiana housed quite a lot of civilians, not only POWs as she had heard all her life. It would please me greatly if my writing helps to enrich the history of the Japanese in Hawaii, Furuya wrote. There was so much hatred and racism. Courtesy of the Dale Genius Collection, Alexandria, LA, Today, the former camp area is administered by the, The Camp Livingston area today is administered by the, For current maps, usage restrictions, facilities, alerts and warnings, visit the, several major military camps in Central Louisiana, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Kisatchie National Forest, website of the Kisatchie National Forest Catahoula Ranger District about recreational activities, Aerial view of the 106th Cavalry (Chicago National Guard)encampment at Camp Livingston, Louisiana, Troop B of the 106th Cavalry (Chicago National Guard)marching at Camp Livingston in 1941, Another view of the Guest House, Camp Livingston, Louisiana, Interior view of a Library (Dale Genius Collection). Camp Livingston Street Grid and Master Plan. After Pearl Harbor, people knew that it was dangerous to be Japanese, she told me. Shame and fear hung over the islands. Army strategists also encountered recon and troop supply issues that would later be experienced in actual real-world battle situations, creating valuable experience for the Army prior to the U.S. entering the war. But those who stayed were still profoundly changed. Other buildings, such as wooden barracks, were also moved and used for a number of years. A former WWII camp, Camp Livingston was repurposed into a multi-use trail system. The redress and the reparations helped the healing, she said and drifted off. He organized games and procured the equipment to play them. The surprise attack stunned Furuya as much as anyone else. After the attacks on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, a portion of Livingston was converted to an internment camp. Moran explained the new display he was building with input from Johnson and Simms, which, for the first time at the museum, would recognize the nearby internment of both POWs and civilians. They arrived via Camp Algiers, a small DOJ camp in New Orleans, notorious for imprisoning an unlikely contingent of 60 Jewish refugees, writes Marilyn Miller, a Tulane University professor and author of the forthcoming book, Port of No Return: Enemy Alien Internment in World War II New Orleans. A popular gathering and dining spot when on leave in lLexandria was the Hotel Bentley at the corner of Third Street and Desoto Street. In his early research, he came upon a series of articles that FDR wrote in the 1920s that gave insight into his views on Japanese immigration. Some camp buildings received a new life, like the chapel shown below, and continued in use in the Central Louisiana area. WATCH OUR VIDEOS REGISTER FOR CAMP Camp Countdown 106 days Stationed at the Camp were the 28th, 32rd, 38th and 86th Infantry Divisions, along with various other field artillery, transportation, quartermaster, engineer combat, tank destroyer, ordnance and other Army units. Furuya waited around with scores of Issei leaders who had just suffered through the same routine, many of them charged with even less evidence. They milled around in silence, fighting bouts of sobs, as fear and racism from the public, the media, and politicians reached a fever pitch. Her family lived nearby, and she remembers that Sunday morning well. She hid behind her father as the policeman questioned him and ordered them back inside. Back at the museum, my car wouldnt start, but Moran jumped it and escorted me to the auto shop. Young black men assigned to the 93rd Engineers lived in tents in swampy, snake-infested lowland at the back of Camp Livingston, Louisiana, separated from white troops. So, Kurahara set out to do just that. It brought it full circle, Johnson said. Japanese Americans left behind often viewed the ones interned with suspicion. They had given presentations like this before, but never for a crowd of Japanese Americans. (As the war raged on, a few dozen more Japanese POWs came and went.). There's a lot of evidence to suggest that it wasn't necessary, I said. Gardner Highway (LA 28 from Alexandria to Leesville) became a straight paved highway, rumored to be an emergency airplane runway. The total cost to the government for all the work clone to date is estimated al 25 million dollars. Washington Division; 1944. Senator Edward Livingston, who later served as U.S. Secretary of State. This was more than a passing curiosity. After the war, Moran said, the Forest Service replanted these trees. Livingston was the site of a major train . Construction workers from Camp Livingston eating and hanging around new cafe by entrance of camp. Camp Livingston was a U.S. Army military camp during World War II. There is a birdbath fountain and numerous varieties of ornamental trees and shrubs. In addition, several have been shared with permission from the Dale Genius Collection. On the way home, I passed one sugar cane field after another and pondered what I had just seen. Of all my questions, she said this was the hardest to answer. Sep 8, 2018 - Picture Postcards and pictures from Camp Beauregard, Camp Livingston and Camp Claiborne in Louisiana. Historical Date: January 26, 1941 Location: Camp Livingston, Louisiana On January 26, 1941, the entire 32nd Division moved to Camp Livingston. Trinity Methodist Church at 214 Chester Street in Alexandria secured a frame Army Chapel building from Camp Livingston which the church veneered on the outside with white Waskom brick (see photo below). Morans own father was in the hospital battling COVID-19. This is not a well-known history by any means so we are having to use primary documents and oral histories to piece this together. More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is . THE BEST 10 Summer Camps in Livingston Parish, LA - Last Updated January 2023 - Yelp Livingston Parish, LA Active Life Summer Camps The Best 10 Summer Camps near me in Livingston Parish, Louisiana Sort:Recommended Price Good for Kids 1. Kurahara and the JCCH have been working with Hawaiis Department of Education for years. All along the way it seemed like every time we hit a wall, gradually, someplace along the wall would open up, and wed keep going. Louisiana Southeast Louisiana Livingston Parish Livingston 70754 This 42.84 acre property is located at Bossmcnabb Rd in Livingston, LA 70754. Moran turned onto a single lane, dense woods cleaving to both sides, trees so tall you had to look up to see the sky. For current maps, usage restrictions, facilities, alerts and warnings, visit the website of the Kisatchie National Forest Catahoula Ranger District about recreational activities, Links to Other Sources of Camp Livingston Information. Kurahara said to really understand how the internees endured you have to know something about Japanese values. On the front of the envelope is a purple stamp that reads "Censored/Camp Livingston/Interment Camp." Inside is a letter, dated October 5, 1942. Kurahara stopped speaking Japanese. Whitacre Park. I mentioned this to Ina and she said, This sounds wonderful. Named Camp Livingston after either Edward Livingston a U.S. But in Wisconsin, where he stayed for 78 days at Fort McCoy, and in Montana, New Mexico, and Washington where he was sent after leaving the South efforts to educate the public are nascent if they exist at all. June 9, 2020. There would be no turning back. Officials at Camp Livingston, a Jewish overnight camp in Bennington, Indiana, confirmed the death in a Facebook post Tuesday. Kurahara knew little about the camp, but she called around and people either knew almost nothing or had never even heard of the place. Whether your idea of camping is an evening under the stars in a tent or rolling in with an RV, there are beautiful campgrounds in Louisiana, along with a full range of Louisiana RV parks to suit your needs. At the time, the Syrian Civil War had created a refugee crisis, triggering an outpouring of worldwide sympathy, but also stoking Islamophobic flames. As we stood beside the museums rarest artifact, a tattered Japanese battle flag that once flew above a warship in Hiroshimas harbor, Moran said, I always ask everyone. I clearly remember driving the abandoned roads of the camp with my father during the late 1950s as we journeyed from Alexandria east to Little River, Lonnie's Landing and Walker Lake. 3 in Rapides Parish. Preserving it and making it an educational destination took much longer. It was a horrible thing to do, but a necessary evil.. The movement continues to grow. HOME. 28370 S Frost Rd. Literature abounds on the experiences of those held in War Relocation Authority (WRA) camps yet information of those men in alien detention facilities is much sparser. (In Japanese, Densh means to pass on to the next generation. For more than two decades, the group has preserved oral histories and other materials related to Japanese American incarceration during the war.) Rumors that it might last 25 years, perhaps 100 years, prompted some internees to reluctantly volunteer for a prisoner exchange with Japan, a country many hadnt seen in more than half a lifetime. Camp Polk was located further west of Alexandria near Leesville. gimme fonts. We had legitimate prisoners of war Italians, Germans, and Japanese and then we had Americans. The display will also feature Japanese American visitors to the camp, including members of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, an army unit of more than 4,000 volunteer Nisei soldiers stationed at Camp Shelby in Mississippi. Pigs rooting around construction workers' tent while men are on job at Camp Livingston. The film, created by Frank Chi, was part of an exhibit at the Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center, drawing connections between historical and current racial oppression in America. After the end of World War II in Europe, in May 1945, the United States Congress passed a law stating that men under the age of nineteen had to have six months of military training before being sent overseas. On this day in 1942, the World War II detention facility Camp Livingstonopened its doors in Alexandria, Louisiana. Phelps county. An additional 5,900 acres of land were secured from the Department of Agriculture, bringing the total acreage for Camp Livingston to over 18,000 acres. These help us visualize what the Camp looked liked during the War, and tell amazing stories of the magnitude of the camp, and the lives of the people who served there. On some old concrete walls in the site, beautiful artwork and graffiti has been discovered and is thought by locals in the area who have personally seen these drawings to have been drawn by Italian, or more likely German POWs - judging by the uniforms depicted in the artwork. The Army conducted similar, but smaller, Louisiana maneuvers in 1942 and 1943, but cancelled exercises in 1944 so soldiers could be part of the D-Day invasion in Europe. Less than a week after the demonstration, the government reversed course and canceled the plan, blaming a lack of immediate need.. Five years later, the Monsanto Corporation bought it and pledged to work with Kurahara and the preservation group that she led. It just made it so much more real., The librarians won another round of ALA grants to dig through the archives at the Japanese American National Museum at UCLA. History, too, has forgotten the more than 2,200 Japanese nationals (and some 3,000 others) ensnared in the Latin American Enemy Alien Control Program, yet another classified operation in which the U.S. made a pact with more than a dozen countries to remove (with the FBIs help) Japanese, German, and other immigrants from within their borders to be used in prisoner exchanges. The previous week marked the 75th anniversary of the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Soldier's Free Mail 1943 Pass-a-Grille Beach, Fla. 1931-1958 to Camp Livingston, 327th Military Police Escort Co., Camp Livingston, La. Camp Claiborne was established in 1940 as a U. S. Army infantry training center. One unique feature of the camp was the "Snake House" to familiarize the solders with the many dangerous serpents found in the area. Alexandria, Louisiana. And while these measures are certainly important, what the government did to Japanese Americans is hardly understood, and internees from the A-B-C lists rarely enter the conversation. EUROPEAN SIZE. They taught each other singing, crafting, agriculture, theology, Spanish, and English, calling the project Internee University. It was a small society with various roles. In the winter you can actually see it from the road, he said, but he still hadnt told me what exactly we were looking for. Minutes later, he pointed out a chunk of concrete protruding from the ground. This nightmare began before 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft showered bombs on Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941. Archived. CCC Legacy - P.O. It was a small city, with a theater, bowling. Camp Livingston's website says it has hosted Jewish children ages 7 to 17 for summer camps for more than 90 years. Scholarship and grant opportunities still available for this. 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