That's one of the reasons why I emphasize that the lyrics have changed over the years. And so the conflict that minstrelsy is playing out is between America as a common-class culture or America as a middle-class culture. Which of the following is true about Brazilian bossa nova music? stream Minstrel troupes toured the United States constantly from the 1840s until the 1870s, helping create an embryonic national popular culture. Songwriter and banjoist Daniel Decatur Emmett and the Virginia Minstrels put on a program of song and dance to the accompaniment of bone castanets, violin, banjo, and tambourine. Eric Lott: It was filled with things that a middle-class culture considered beneath it and amusical. White actor born into a poor family in New York's Seventh Ward. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. The London Mathews; Containing an Account of This Celebrated Comedian's Trip to America. Joel died in Appomattox on 29 October 1860 of dropsy. It's a kind of love and loathing that's happening simultaneously. A few years later he joined a circus and traveled throughout Virginia and North Carolina. So this industry grows during the nineteenth century and eventually becomes the entertainment industry that we know today, which is very complex. I think there is a kind of subterranean identification with the desire for indolence at work. Ken Emerson: The unique sound and conventions of minstrel banjo remain an attractive option for all players seeking to enrich their experience of the instrument. Ken Emerson: Around the same time that Sweeney was performing for the Queen, the concept of the minstrel show was beginning to take on solid form. People congregated around the footlights. a. WebJoel Sweeney, a native of Appomattox, Virginia, popularized the African-inspired banjo, although Emmett favored the instrument in his compositions. I mean, masks do that. This was an ensemble finale in which members of the troupe in various combinations participated in song, instrumental and choral music and dance. Which of the following was NOT associated with western swing? FDLP This library is a Congressionally designated depository for U.S. Government documents. Consider the following statement and choose the best response: Many dance bands in the 1920s specialized in one of three main categories, "hot," "sweet," and "Latin.". That's when you get Mr. Bones and Mr. Tambo. The publisher of Songs originally presented this copy to Napoleon W. Gould, a British musician who played in Emmett's minstrel troupe. Find out more about Edward P. Christy, Daniel Decatur Emmett,Jenny Lind andThomas Moore. daniel emmett which of the following is true about songwriter stephen foster? "Outlandish claims have been made about Sweeney, from his being the "inventor" of the banjo to his being the first white man to play the banjo. Oh! It's the arena, for better or worse, in which black people come to be displayed and black issues come to the floor, in the American culture industry, beginning in the 1830s and 1840s and extending all the way to our own day. Between 1895 and 1915, Joplin composed many of the classics of the ragtime repertoire and helped popularize the style through his piano arrangements, published as sheet music. And that needs always to be forefront in any consideration of this. The fact that we can see it from both sides and have to see it from both sides is infinitely more important in a questioning process than the right answer. Banjos themselves began to change as a result, quickly acquiring the fretted necks, smaller construction, and simplified headstocks demanded by finger style players. Pero detrs del mito de su creacin hay una historia sin contar sobre un robo, una obsesin y un doble juego corporativo. https://quizlet.com/160626533/music-162-chapter-2-flash-cards In the same way that Elvis Presley electrified the world, so did Daddy Rice when he did "Jump Jim Crow" on the London stage. Current issues are available through the Scholarly Publishing Collective. They never went "rolling down the river on Proud Mary," and yet that's what they sang about. WebPopular Music of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Minstrelsy and Stephen Foster So these classic American songs came to be the music that you would learn at camp or at school or someplace like that. Combined with a low tuning and thick, gut strings; the plunky, melancholic sound of stroke style on minstrel banjos reflects its dark history amongst slaves. The new Virginia Minstrels performed in Dublin at the Theatre Royal from 24 April to 7 May during entr'actes, then continued for a series of entr'actes and complete minstrel shows in Cork, Belfast, then Glasgow by the end of May. Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads from the African-American culture.The blues form is ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll, and is characterized by Which of the following was an influential ragtime pianist and composer? stream Sweeney's popularity grew rapidly. << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R >> /Font << /F2.0 9 0 R if ( 'querySelector' in document && 'addEventListener' in window ) { What is recognized today as the essential makeup of the banjo hasn't always been the case. [The blackface minstrel show] was a place of incredible release from all that. "Hard Times Come Again No More" McGarrigle, Kate and Anna. And this was -- they were advertised as "Come to the theatre and get a real look into what plantation life was like." What was the first successful, all-black musical? In blackface, in portraying a black person, you had even more freedom because blacks were assumed to be even more naive and more foolish than the frontiersman. It's done in ways in which people say, "This is authentic. What was the first form of musical and theatrical entertainment regarded by European audiences as distinctively American in character? The same thing happens at Mardi Gras. It's kind of like in the 1950s if you were a middle class guy and you saw Elvis, you knew that Elvis was shaking his hips in ways that weren't typically countenanced for white middle class boys, and that's why all the citizens' councils in the South called Elvis "nigger music" and were terribly afraid that Elvis, white as he was, being ambiguously raced just by being working-class, was going to corrupt the youth of America. So actually I loved Stephen Foster songs as a child and basically in a sense, still do. Which crooner released the hit "My Blue Heaven" in 1927? And by the 1860s black performers [were] going on the stage themselves and performing in a similar manner. 4 0 obj a. Thomas Dartmouth Rice b. George Washington Dixon c. Daniel Emmett d. Edgar Meyer e. Alison Kraus Which of the Fath Ruffins: WebWhich white actor invented the minstrel character "Jim Crow?" "-JJ,:G.qQw?n5'#[ The journal also includes interviews with composers and reviews of books, recordings, films, websites, and concerts. It was a kind of madhouse. I think we're losing something in not repeating his lyrics or in adapting them, changing them to make them more politically correct, because he was trying to blend some things and create an awareness that we need to remember. Which artist was the focus of the first documented example of modern pop hysteria, the so-called Columbus Day Riot of 1944? And it was also the ability to laugh at them and feel superior to them because that was considered negative. Jolson is accompanied by an orchestra that plays an elaborate and decorative accompaniment suitable to the flowery sentiments of the song. His advertisements boasted that he played with "scientific touches of perfection". Not only does minstrelsy mirror in many ways the cultural and social predicaments of the country in the 19th century, it itself changes form and gets new life every 20 years or so until, as a stage form, it basically dies out in the 1920s and migrates to film, where it has a very long afterlife all the way to the present day in a film like Warren Beatty'sBullworth. Dale Cockrell: Which song, recorded by Nat "King" Cole and written by Eden Ahbez, is similar to a Yiddish folk song called "Shvayg mayn harts" and was originally part of a suite of songs called the Gospel of Nature? Minstrelsy effectively did that. Secondly, and perhaps even more embarrassing, is his extreme sentimentality in an age that prides itself on being ironic and cool. Wir freuen uns, Ihnen das brandneue Lego 41027 einfhren zu drfen! Which of the following became the conductor of the U.S. Marine Band? When the Virginia Minstrels came along what they did was to develop other characters, and the characters they developed were much more over the edge than the character Rice had portrayed. "[3] In fact, there is no proof that Sweeney introduced either innovation. Which of the In fact, many actors and actresses were taught by whites to speak as if they were black because that was demanded. The question of the moment was, what was America going to be? 1994 University of Illinois Press Fath Ruffins: During the 1840s the show was divided into two parts--the first concentrated largely upon the urban black dandy, the second on the southern plantation slave. It was exaggerated. It offered better sound quality than AM radio. American Music So Rice's characterization of blacks then reaffirmed what mainstream America had been thinking all along. Stuart had Sweeney attached to his staff, which became one of Stuart's best-known personal quirks. He supposedly added the fifth string because he was "allegedly unhappy with the limited rhythm and melodic variation of the four-string banjos popularly in use. 2. Which group recorded the first jazz record in 1917? WebLego 41027 - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. At one and the same moment, though, you have a real interest, cross-racial interest in what it feels like to be a black person. Rather, it's more and more standardized, it's more and more routinized. However, by 1843, the Virginia Minstrels, headed by Daniel Decatur Emmett, composer of "Dixie," performed separately. var googletag = googletag || {}; The first thing to note about minstrel banjos is that they tended to be wood-heavy constructions, from the tuning pegs down to the tailpiece. Finger picking would soon overtake it as the dominant banjo style, although minstrel style remained popular and was preserved in the isolated Appalachian mountains and out West. This group, the Thus, parlor banjo was born, named after the private parlors of more well-to-do individuals and organizations in which it was performed. Successful turn-of-the-century songwriter sometimes referred to as the "Daddy of Popular Song"; his big hits included "A Bird in a Gilded Cage" (1900) and "I Want a Girl (Just Like the Girl That Married Dear Old Dad)" (1911). started first professional american marching band (popular after the civil war), first black orchestra leader to record for a major record label. ", The most popular bandleader from the 1890s through World War I; was known as America's "March King." On stage you had white performers saying, "Okay, we accept this type of music, we accept the antic performers," and even though it was done in a ridiculing manner, there was some acceptance -- at least on stage. These claims are part of an effort, beginning in the nineteenth century, to divorce the banjo from its African American origins. First of all, because of the obvious racial epithets and caricatures and stereotypes that he uses, which were typical of the time and unfortunately are still typical of our time today. By the turn of the twentieth-century, what form of popular theater became the most important medium for popularizing Tin Pan Alley songs? Nonetheless, the musical form represents America's first indigenous musical theater. Each play relied on stock humor and clichs. So simultaneously you can give expression to your identity, and you can also criticize the policies of those that you feel are oppressing you. WebJoel Walker Sweeney (1810 October 29, 1860), also known as Joe Sweeney, was an American musician and early blackface minstrel performer. Which of the following stanzas uses the structure most closely associated with the twelve-bar blues? WebE. The song was recorded in 1939 by the Glenn Miller Orchestra. Which songwriting team composed the musical Oklahoma!, which opened in 1943? He toured through Virginia in the early 1830s with his 5-string instrument, his face darkened with cork ash, performing tunes picked up from black musicians and embellishing them with comedic routines and speeches. Professional minstrelsy waned at the turn of the century as troupes turned to vaudeville, burlesque, and the emerging Broadway musical theater. "[11] "Jenny Get Your Hoe Cake Done" and "Knock a Nigger Down" became two of Sweeney's signature tunes. That same month, he performed alongside James Sanford at the Broadway Circus in New York with a blackface burlesque of The Dying Moor's Defence of His Flag called "Novel Duetts, Songs, &c". This routine achieved immediate popularity, and throughout the 1830s Rice had many imitators. Scott Joplin's first successful piece was "Maple Leaf Rag" (1898). Which artist established the myth of the outcast (i.e., the resourceful, lone wanderer) in songs, like "Waiting for a Train," that has proven to be a potent force in country music up to the present time? Which white banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? Which of the following became the first nationwide commercial radio network in 1926? Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. WebWhich White banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? This photograph was taken at a minstrel show at the Elk's Lodge in Charlottesville, held on February 2 and 3, 1925. Who proposes the murder of Antony? Crosby constantly varies his dynamics within individual phrases. In 1842, in New York City, the songwriter Daniel Decatur Emmett and three companions devised a program of singing and dancing in blackface to the accompaniment of bone castanets, violin, banjo, and tambourine. It starts out as a humorous and dance-oriented, music-oriented, joke-oriented variety show, in between other kinds of more formal theatrical acts, but over time minstrelsy becomes itself the entertainment. Photograph of a blackface minstrel. I think the stereotypes that emerge from the 19th century minstrel show circulate to the present day and are crucial in defining white people's sense of who black people are, I'm sad to say. The high point of the show was the concluding section, the "walk-around." Thomas Hampson: endobj 5 0 obj Additionally, the bridges on minstrel banjos tend to be positioned in the center of the head, or even higher, closer to the neck. Which of the following is generally true about Tin Pan Alley songs? (Z]it*T?*i_cPbRlwK k"#(H61OIB.),tP|).EY{lG`aG1}\l-$l1f>5IpcuF9+/ts.jS-5Uy?=4qE~aE7o=Mb>ijW'X5wjaH&0!#.-;@wk)=@;Ou!Yr Scott Joplin Who invented the 6 0 obj Songwriter and self-taught banjo player from Wisconsin who could not write down music; dictated his songs to a professional musician. What is the musical term for a memorable musical phrase? As a blackface performer, he introduced the "Jim Crow" character. xMHa$T&R+SeL b}wg-E"u.VDNC:DuE^";cT03y| URcE4`vztLUF\)s:k-iYj6|vP4*wd>,y4!7CN-lCTS3q";-E#+c> v=S79@`mvUl5`P=Gj)kP*}6 ~^/~.~a2 The audience for minstrelsy, especially after the 1830s and into the 1840s was a quite localized and specific working class, lower middle-class, mostly male audience that responded very vocally to the kinds of syncopated, pre-rock-and-roll sounds that were put forward on the minstrel stage. The Briggs Banjo Instructor', the first fully fledged banjo tutoring book, released in 1855, utilizes this tuning based on the experiences of leading minstrel banjo player Thomas Briggs. Dale Cockrell: In that enslaved society, humor becomes a way in which people can define their class position. Much more so than today, audiences controlled what went on the stage. In the book Uncle Tom was relatively intelligent, although not educated, and an example of Christian morality, in one sense. Now its political charge varies enormously through the decades, but there are exemplars of the minstrel tradition all around us, both white, as well as black. WebWhich White banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels Daniel Emmett Which of the following is true about songwriter Stephen Foster? If they didn't like the song, they would cut it off. Into the 1850s and 60s, minstrel shows kept on gaining popularity. Ken Emerson: Monopoly es el juego de mesa favorito de Estados Unidos, una carta de amor al capitalismo desenfrenado y a nuestra sociedad de libre mercado. I think it becomes much clearer when one looks at black minstrelsy again because when black minstrels started to take to the stage, they were advertised as the real thing. Which of the following was a well-known composer of plantation songs? They first appeared in 1843. Center for American Music, U. of Pittsburgh, Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! The middle part consisted of the "olio," a potpourri of dancing and musical virtuosity, with parodies of Italian operas, stage plays, and visiting European singing groups. Which of the following is true about the country blues? It was a sense of attraction to this uninhibited state of being that these characters were depicting. While today the fretless banjo is an oddity and considered to be far more challenging to learn, in the early 1800s it was the only way to play. He is the earliest known person to have played the banjo on stage. The songs of Stephen Foster are, especially the minstrel songs, are problematic today. Which singing style emerged soon after the invention of the electronic microphone? Was blackface minstrelsy only about caricaturing blacks? Whether it's in the perceptions of black people who drive fancy cars -- Miles Davis complained about being pulled over every five minutes for driving a Maserati -- or whether it's in the hardly updated version of Jim Crow and something like the welfare mother. Interlocutor lead performer, snag and Who was the most influential songwriter of American popular song during the nineteenth century? On the line following each word, write the word with a hyphen added to show how you would divide the word at the end of a line. The differences were much more in the style of the performance itself and in the kinds of words that were being put to it. At first, minstrel shows served as entr'actes for other theater productions or circus shows. It evolved from two types of entertainment popular in America before 1830: the impersonation of blacks given by white actors between acts of plays or during circuses; and the performances of black musicians who sang, with banjo accompaniment, in city streets. Throughout the 1830s he would tour North Carolina, then arrive and perform in New York City, before crossing the Atlantic to play in the United Kingdom. There's a general, sort of clamped-down cleanup going on. [9] Another raved, "Only those who have heard Sweeny [sic] know what music there is in a banjo. To this day Stephen Foster's music touches on what unites us as Americans and also on what divides us. endstream Other features (or lack thereof) worth mentioning include the absence of any kind of resonator. The first full-length blackface minstrel show was performed at the Bowery Amphitheatre in New York in February 1843. Because basically when the black performers did minstrel shows, they were doing the same acts that whites had done before. White songwriter Dan Emmett, along with three musical accomplices - including Billy Whitlock on banjo - devised the first of these shows and performed it in New York, in February 1843. Notes on the flyleaf indicate that Gould gave this book to Emmett, who "on his deathbed" returned it to Gould. What is the musical term for the quality of sound, sometimes called "tone color"? He was known as a singing cowboy and reached out to a broad audience with a deep baritone voice. African musicians played the banjo and its ancestor instruments in this way, from whom the pioneer Joel Sweeney learned to play in turn. Which of the following is true about the tango? Eric Lott: Now, how that impacted upon society itself was that they embraced it. They called themselves the Virginia Minstrels' and were made up of banjo, bones, fiddle, and tambourine players. I think that they are catchy, wonderful, popular tunes that really reflect something interesting about the United States. [2] He has also been credited with adding the banjo's fifth string, which according to legend was for an instrument he created for his niece between 1831 and 1840. Public access to the Government documents is guaranteed by public law. It accompanies dances featuring sexual role-playing and was originally suppressed by Cuban authorities. Created a lengthy stage performance that featured a standard group of performersi.Mr. Middle-class culture is one that has worshipped the mind and has largely tried to divorce the body from the expression of what they are. If you are a working-class American in New York City at the time, you're feeling yourself squeezed politically, economically and socially from the top, but also to some extent from the bottom. From the Tracy W. McGregor Library of American History. You can trace it all the way up to the "Amos 'n Andy" show in the 1950s, to the maids that appeared in "Beulah" and other shows on radio and on television in the 1950s. A twelve-bar structure made up of three phrases of four bars each. Sam Sweeney died, possibly of smallpox, on January 13, 1864, and was buried in Graham Cemetery, Orange, Virginia.[13]. What is the term for a repeated musical pattern designed to generate rhythmic momentum? Which of the following became the conductor of the US Marine Band? After the Civil War, African-American companies took to the stage and rivaled the popularity of their white counterparts. Where was the Minstrel Show most popular? 5" and did the most to popularize the mambo throughout Latin America and in the United States? If the word cannot be divided, write *DND* for do not divide. Ken Emerson: Minstrelsy had clanging banjoes, it had clanking bones. [5] The fifth string gives the banjo a reentrant tuning, a feature that existed in instruments of the ancient Greeks.[6]. [7] According to Billy Whitlock of the Virginia Minstrels, Sweeney gave Whitlock a few banjo lessons around this time. In 1845, after returning from the UK, Sweeney himself founded the group Old Joe's Minstrels', thus cementing the popularity of the act. Dale Cockrell: Who led the urban folk group the Weavers? Which of the following became the conductor of the US Marine Band? It came from the images portrayed in minstrelsy. The way in which we approach the instrument has also changed. In 1862 during the American Civil War, Sam Sweeney enlisted in the Confederate Army, serving in Company H of the 2nd Virginia Cavalry. An easy way to emulate this tuning on your modern instrument is by putting it into Dropped C' tuning, where the fourth string D is lowered to C. The resultant gCGBD is five steps above the standard minstrel tuning on all strings. His earliest documented use of the banjo on stage was in April 1839. The 1870s saw a steep decline in the minstrel style of play. Finger picking would soon overtake it as the dominant banjo style, although minstrel style remained popular and was preserved in the isolated Appalachian mountains and out West. And Jacksonian Democrats, common people, wanted to cast it in their own image. The minstrel show was "born" about the same time as Foster and quickly became the most popular form of public entertainment in the U.S. An Original Ethiopian Walkround" by Daniel Decatur Emmett. They would not become common until well into the 1900s. And most of that came from minstrelsy. Secondly, all minstrel banjos are completely fretless. Songs of the Virginny Banjoist brought together many of Daniel Decatur Emmett's most popular minstrel pieces. Minstrelsy is much under-rated historically in terms of its influence on American society. Elk's Lodge, Charlottesville, February 2 and 3, 1925. It was even -- foreign. "Historical Origin and Stylistic Developments of the Five-String Banjo". ' This was accompanied by a "Comic Morris Dance by the whole company". The "father of American minstrelsy" was Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice, who, between 1828 and 1831, developed a song-and-dance routine in which he impersonated an old, crippled black slave, dubbed Jim Crow. Who lead the Ambassador Orchestra, the most successful dance band of the 1920s? << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Resources 6 0 R /Contents 4 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Stephen Foster Banjoist brought together many of Daniel Decatur Emmett, composer of ``,! Detrs del mito de su creacin hay una historia sin contar sobre un robo, una y! R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 the instrument in his compositions Marine Band that really something... Joplin 's first indigenous musical theater lead performer, he introduced the `` Crow. Not be divided, write * DND * for do not divide steep in... 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Minstrel troupes toured the United States constantly from the 1840s until the 1870s, helping create an embryonic popular.: minstrelsy had clanging banjoes, it had clanking bones and traveled throughout Virginia North! Wanted to cast it in their own image learned to play in turn made up of three of... Question of the Five-String banjo ''. hit `` My Blue Heaven '' 1927... Vaudeville, burlesque, and the emerging Broadway musical theater enslaved society, humor becomes a in! Piece was `` Maple Leaf Rag '' ( 1898 ) performed at the Bowery in.